Mouse models of ALS
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Researchers use mice to model the effects of mutated genes that have been associated with ALS. Mice do not react exactly the same way as humans in regards to mutated genetics, however they generally react in similar ways and/or show similar symptoms. Using mouse models allows researchers to discover how each mutated gene affects the mouse body and predict what will happen in humans. Researchers can also try to cure the different forms of ALS in the mutated mice which could ultimately be used as a cure of ALS cases in humans.
Changes in the brain's cognitive function
Although it is generally believed that ALS does not impair a person's mind/intelligence, several recent studies suggest that some ALS patients may experience changes in cognitive functions due to ALS. These changes may cause depression, problems with memory or decision-making. Current research shows that up to 50% of ALS patients may experience changes to their thinking and behaviour. They can be impaired which means they act in a way different to before they were afflicted with ALS. In some cases, patients may experience dementia in which they act very differently to before they were affected with ALS and they cannot complete activities/decisions that they could have normally done. Various other diseases can also cause dementia with only some ALS cases leading to dementia.
Stem cells
Stem cells are a rapidly growing area of research since they can be used to replace virtually any cell. Their ability to differentiate into different types of cells is fascinating and has many uses in the medical field. Researchers believe that with the use of human embryonic stem cells it may be possible to replace the degenerated cells occurring in ALS. The stem cells would hopefully differentiate into astrocytes which are a family of cells that support the proper insulation and function of the neurons. Researchers will be testing their ideas and theories regarding stem cells and ALS on animal models to test the safety and efficiency before trying such treatments on humans.